Technology, Culture, and Being Advanced

I think, at some point, that the word ‘primitive’ meant ‘without technology’. That just seems to be the one thing unifying almost all cultures I’ve seen describe as ‘primitive’.

It’s a loaded word, though. ‘Primitive’ is opposite to ‘advanced’. Advanced implies a goal that we’re making progress towards. Primitive therefore implies a lack of movement, or even a refusal to move towards the goal.

This is kind of tied to the misunderstanding of evolution. Evolved is often conflated with ‘better’. Better on some kind of empirical scale. I’ve seen stories about ‘the ultimate evolution of the human form’. A more ‘evolved’ species, generally, is better able to survive in its environment. That doesn’t mean it’s better. Fish are better able to survive in the ocean, but does that make them an empirically better species than us?

An anglerfish in dark, deep water.  It's toothed mouth is open, bioluminescent lure alight

I AM YOUR GOD NOW! Seriously, anglerfish are both cool and freaky.

We’re evolving, advancing, towards some place where we’re empirically perfect.

How do we know that we’re advancing? Because our culture is not only surviving, but thriving. In the ecosystem of human ideas and values, ours are not only dominating now, but have for hundreds of years.

So we come across a new culture. A culture that’s been living in the same geographical area for hundreds of years. Our technology has allowed us to spread throughout the entire world, and they’ve not even left their island. They don’t have irrigation, or machines, or even proper clothes! Technologically, we’re light years ‘ahead’ of them. They have an entirely different way of viewing the world. How do we know ours is better? Because within a generation, their culture is almost gone and has been replaced by ours.

An emaciated, sore-covered man lies on a filthly matress, clawing weakly at his skin.  It's captioned, 'Picking bugs from under you skin isn't normal... but on meth it is'.

You can tell the quality of a culture by the quality of its drugs. We freaking rule!

Let me propose an alternative scenario. I take my laptop, and a big, heavy rock. I smash the laptop with the rock. In the clash of technologies, the laptop doesn’t stand a chance. The rock, therefore, is superior to my laptop. Does that sound right?

I don’t think that the ability to dominate another culture makes our culture superior. I don’t think the fact we have iPads makes our culture superior. I think it just means that, not only do we have the biggest rocks, but we also have the least qualms about using them.

I’m not saying I’m going to give up my laptop. Just that, when we find a culture that’s lived on the same island for hundreds of years and not destroyed that island’s ecosystem, we stop calling them ‘primitive’. We take a look at our own culture, which is making the entire ecosystem of the Earth increasingly hostile to human life, and maybe call ourselves primitive. After all, it’s a pretty unenlightened culture that shits all over the place it eats and then sets out to find new toilet grounds.

Meth poster from here.  I’m not going to link to the anglerfish, because it came from an Intelligent Design website.

After Earth and the Truth About Fear

Regular readers will know that I spend a lot of time fighting against the damaging narratives of our culture.  Narratives that harm us by telling the rest of the world we’re undeserving, we’re weak, we’re flawed.  Narratives that we internalize and weave into a rope to throttle the life out of ourselves.

A hangman's noose, laid across a table

When I say I’m well-hung, I don’t always mean what people think I mean…

Evis Tyrer, a good friend of mine, saw After Earth at the cinema the other day.  Will Smith and son crash on an Earth abandoned for a thousand years.  Among the unimaginative computer-generated beasties trying to kill them are Ursas–creatures genetically engineered by aliens who hunt humans.  Ursas hunt by smelling a human’s fear.  If you’re not scared of them, you’re invisible to them.

Evis posted the following on Facebook.  I asked if I could repost it here because it needs to come up if anyone searches for After Earth.  My thanks to him for letting me.

~*~

Many years ago, for reasons I don’t want to get into, I used to suffer panic attacks. In case you’ve never suffered from one, a panic attack is basically feeling sudden, bowel knotting terror, often for no reason (but can be triggered by certain things). I’m talking can’t even breathe properly fear. And there’s nothing you can do about it- there’s nothing to run away from, there’s no inhaler to clear your airways. You need to run away, but there’s nothing to run from. Even if there was, you can’t breathe properly even though you are in fact hyperventilating. As you start to loose oxygen, you panic further which makes the issue even worse.

It ends in one of three ways. You pass out, you get a grip on yourself, or the initial attack subsides. It’s a horrible experience.

Around that age I first came across a book that had a lot to say on the subject of mastering primal instincts, emotions and such like with the ‘human’ or ‘conscious’ side of the mind. It said that, with effort, determination and discipline, a person could conquer such things through self awareness and sheer force of will.

The book in question was not a self help guide or anything like that, it was Dune. You all know the mantra.

“I must not fear.
Fear is the mind-killer.
Fear is the little-death that brings total obliteration.
I will face my fear.
I will permit it to pass over me and through me.
And when it has gone past I will turn the inner eye to see its path.
Where the fear has gone there will be nothing……Only I will remain.”

That little mantra saw me through some of my worst attacks. Did it cure the problem? Fuck no! Was I able to conquer my attacks through force of will? No way. But, it did give me something to focus on. An empowering notion that fear could be beaten, that it could be conquered. That fear was a (hah) terrifying thing, but you *could* ride that particular tiger.

So when I saw After Earth earlier today, and Will Smith said, emphatically, “Fear is a choice” that line stung like a brick. Unlike Dune that acknowledged the real nature of fear and stated that it could be overcome if fought, this film said that, basically, my attacks where my own fault for CHOOSING *not* to have them.

Fuck you.

This is why art is important. It’s why stories and myths are important. They teach us things; values, concepts, ideas, morals, virtues. Dune taught me to face my fear, to let is pass over and through me, and in its wake I would find peace. If I could not defeat it, at the very least I could weather it. Then one day I would conquer it.

If I saw After Earth at that age I’d be assuming it was all MY fault, and not that of the circumstances that fucked me up so much I still feel the effects every so often today.

So from a brave coward, allow me to reiterate my sentiment once more to whoever wrote that line- Fuck you. Think harder about what you are saying and the lessons that you are teaching people.

~*~

Evis has a YouTube channel here.  He deconstructs movies and computer games with frightening degree of intelligence.

Jigsaw, John Kramer from the Saw films, stares out menacingly from under a cloak

Much like Jigsaw deconstructs people.

Noose taken from here.  Jigsaw from here.

Journeys in the Winterlands Reviewed in the SFX Blog!

And they say some very nice things about it:

This is the reason why these three work so well, because each one is built in or on the foundation of the last. That, in turn, highlights the genius of these stories and of having three authors work on them in unison; the stories mirror the survivors, building on what’s gone before and turning it into something new but still completely human. This isn’t just a book of stories about how the world ends, it’s a book of stories built like they would be after the world has ended, scraps of information and memory tied together with determination and hope. Something wonderful, just visible in the snow.

The reviewer, Alasdair Stuart, is also very generous in his praise of The Last Stand of Edward O’Malley:

It’s a story about being broken and what happens after it, the moment where you realize the very worst thing that could happen to you has and you’re…still here. That sense of peace, of serenity is something that post-apocalyptic fiction almost never captures and it’s done with real delicacy and grace here.

Couldn’t have asked for a better review!  All three of us are very proud.  Read the whole thing here.  And, in case you’ve put Winterlands on your reading list and lost the link, you can pick up a copy here.

The sky above the frozen Arctic is painted with a rainbow

Arctic pic from here.

Erm, Captain Picard… Where’s the Loo?

I don’t want you to come away from this with the impression that I’m obsessed with defecation. It’s just that, in all my years of watching TNG, I don’t think I ever saw anyone go to the loo.

Captain Picard stands on the bridge of the Enterprise, gesturing to Riker, standing behind him.

I’m Picard. This is my Number One. We don’t have Number Twos on this ship.

Don’t you think that’s kind of weird? We see them fulfil the other necessities of life: eating; sleeping; social contact. We, in fact, have entire plot lines which revolve around them. And the plasma relays burn out on a weekly basis, but the plumbing is always perfect. You never hear of a ruptured sewage pipe on G deck when they take devastating fire from the Borg. Where the hell does the Enterprise even keep its toilets, anyway?

It’s one of those things that, once you see, you can’t unsee it. Almost no one in modern spec-fic goes to the loo. Entire civilisations thrive without a single toilet.

When I’m world-building, it’s these kinds of things that I need to think about. I need to think about how a culture’s psychology and morality is going to be reflected in the way they deal with the necessities of life.

In our culture, we take a dump in the most valuable resource on Earth, pull a handle and don’t give it another thought. Someone else’s problem, right? That’s pretty telling.

On the Enterprise-D… I dunno. They must be horrified by their bodies. Utterly, utterly repulsed. You notice how all their medicine is very clean, doesn’t involve blood or cutting. Doesn’t, in fact, involve touching the body in any way in most cases.

If a writer fails to demonstrate they know how the culture in their fiction deals with its crap, it feels akin to failing to demonstrate that they know where they get their food from. It’s a pretty damned fundamental flaw. I’m not expecting a song-and-dance routine, just half-a-sentence to let me know that they know.

I’m not saying I’m going to throw a fit if Into Darkness or the next Interzone doesn’t have at least one toilet scene. I’m just saying, well… once you see it, you can’t unsee it.  Almost no one in spec-fic goes to the loo.

The Long Road Home: Assembling the Story

I’m sure by now you all have read and enjoyed a copy of The Long Road Home.  I thought I’d take a bit of time and show you behind the curtain, as it were.  Even if the story itself isn’t your cup of tea, then I’ve been thinking that you might be interested to see what happens to bring a story from an idea to the page.  A glimpse of my own creative process.  It might, I thought, bring interesting comparisons to your own.

A screenshot of the comments from the Science in My Fiction blog.  The second two comments are from me, and mention an idea for a story about an alien who has three days to solve a murder before entering hibernation.

 

Well, that’s a screenshot from post on the Science in My Fiction blog encouraging people to create alien species who’s social structure doesn’t follow the same pattern as ours:

“So how might aliens differ in measures of metabolism? Well, if you look at tiny mammals like mice, they tend to maintain very high energy levels for short periods of time, and then flop down for a rest, and then go back at it. Cats also have incredibly high intensity sometimes, but sleep a lot. Some animals have stamina for hours, and some don’t. Thus, if you’re extrapolating culture for an alien based on a particular body plan, metabolism will have an enormous influence on the way they organize their daily time. Energy levels will translate into work patterns, and also into such cultural details as furniture – perhaps, whether your people keep couches handy to sleep on when they’re taking a break from work.”

You can see the elevator pitch for The Long Road Home right there in my second comment.

It’s the kind of neat-sounding idea that occurs to a lot of people. Sometimes I’ll write them down in my notebook, and sometimes they’ll grow from there. Sometimes they just drift away.

The process of nurturing and carefully guiding the growth of the neat idea is what separates a writer from someone who has neat ideas, and that separates the stories from the ideas. It’s the obvious-in-retrospect donkey work that is nothing like the beautiful plant that is eventually presented to the reader, but more like a sprawling wasteland we writers seed with as many plants as possible in the hopes of getting that one beautiful plant.

So, why did that particular idea get written down and seeded?

Probably because I’m a fan of Chandler and bad puns.

The less-glib answer is also less satisfying. Like anyone else, my conscious mind is a river: constantly flowing, constantly changing, picking things up and depositing things on the banks. For some reason, conditions were right for this idea to stick and grow.

My first notes talk about how the biological necessity of hibernation has affected the aliens’ culture:

“There’s a tradition of having a small statue watching from the hearth. Before hibernation, the statue is smashed so it can report to the gods about the family over the year.”

The idea of the hard-boiled detective is strong on the first page. While the unnamed main character reluctantly sits through the ‘proper’ ceremony with his girlfriend, he only feels satisfied after returning to his dimly-lit office, standing by himself and smashing his own statue on his table with a smouldering cigarette dangling form his lips.

On the left, a tall man wearing a fez, white shirt and cumberbund smoking a cigar.  Myself in the centre in tribly, tie and braces.  On the right, Allegra sneaks off with a Maltese Falcon-shaped bundle of newspaper.

Artimus Hyde, myself and Allegra noiring it up for Children in Need at the office. Art bleeds noir.  (Incidentally, management chose that day to tell us they were launching a consultation to shut our office and make us all redundant. They told they were going to do just that on Christmas Eve. True story.)

The interesting thing about ideas is that, when they have momentum, they generate a gravity. They suck in any stray ideas that drift along the psychological river. My next paragraph talks about how, in this alien society, their companies are like our families: they look after you, they love you, they nurture and protect you to the point where their language has no separate concept of ‘company’ and ‘family’. It’s an idea integral not only to The Long Road Home but to the Cheware, to their society and psychology. The culture and the story couldn’t work without it, but where did it come from? It’s not in that elevator pitch. It was just in my head and got… sucked in.

Something else that got sucked in was the idea of touch talk. A few years ago, I went through a course of cognitive behavioural therapy to help me deal with my depression. It was an incredibly painful experience, but also an incredibly beneficial one. It opened my eyes to the fact that our conscious thoughts are little more than flotsam and jestom floating on the ocean’s surface. What drives us, what makes us who we are is hidden away, generating those surface thoughts like the code of our computer’s operating system.

“Habitants don’t believe in absolute truth because their minds are so complex and interaction with their bodies and society so complex that they can’t know with absolute certainty the things driving their thoughts and actions”

However, their bodies betray their non-conscious thoughts through prehensile tails, ears and whiskers and, I put in my notes, scents. It seemed only reasonable that they’d see the humans as simple-minded, because we tell ourselves that we know why we’re doing and thinking things. Looking from the outside, the Cheware assume we’re all surface thought and no depth.

So, that’s where the story started. We have a hard-boiled detective, a society that sleeps through the winter and makes no distinction between your employer and your company, and a species who’s social norms are based around the idea that other people know you an awful lot better than you know yourself. And, of course, a murder. A hard-boiled detective without a murder is like a dame without a heater hidden in her dress.

After that, many hours of research and note making and following paths happened. The idea of touch-talk went from facial expressions to the conservationists physically pressing against each other so they could feel the tiny changes in each other’s pulse, small twitches of their muscles, their breathing and all those other minute non-verbal queues that give away mood and feelings. The hard-boiled detective is always on the outside, normally a veteran of World War One with borderline PTSD and alcoholism, but mine went in a different–and far more personal–direction. And there were questions that needed answering, like, ‘why are humans even on this planet? And how did they get there?’

Captain Kirk laughs glibbly at something

“We killed them and took all of their stuff!” Yeah… a bit more like, ‘To explore strange, new markets, to exploit new life and new resources, to boldly plunder where no one has plundered before!’

Some ideas were written down but left by the wayside. The idea that the Cheware display their accomplishments in their clothes or with badges like the military or cub scouts, for example, or the idea that they can enter a meditative state that allows them to slowly strip away all the conscious surface thoughts and focus on a single point, a single idea or thought, and be entirely within that moment.

Other ideas threw up interesting questions. If there is a small colony of humans on an alien planet, so far away from Earth that even getting a message back home takes decades, how are those colonists going to cope? How are they going to change, to adapt, to view the planet and culture their great-grandfathers came from but they’ve never seen?

I started writing the first draft of The Long Road Home on the 10th March 2011. I left that elevator pitch comment on the Science in My Fiction blog on the 23rd January 2011. Part-way through developing the story, I broke off and made notes for three other stories. Clearly, my mind wandered…

For me, a first draft is like selecting the piece of marble to carve. Once you have the marble in the workshop, you can start shaping it, discovering and following its natural grain, revealing the statue you initially saw in it. The Long Road Home went through four drafts–which is about average–two edits with Michele Jenson, my editor at Twenty or Less Press, and one with Michele and our copy editor. Yeah, it’s been a long road. But hell, we got somewhere pretty special.

Picture of Kirk from here. Photo taken by Cal Wimsey.

Ug Smash Rocks, Ug Make iPod

While I was at The Telling in Doncaster, I had the privilege to work on a bloomery. It’s an Iron Age method of extracting iron from rocks.

Flames bellow from a clay and straw tower, about three foot tall. A man works a huge set of bellows feeding into the tower, while a woman sits and breaks up the ore pellets.

Barney works the bellows while a fellow minion smashes the ore. Flames erupt from the top of the bloomery like it’s a god-damned jet engine.

It’s also fantastically hard work. Barney, the guy running the demo, took ten hours to build the bloomery. Ten. Hours. Before he could even start the work. Then the iron ore had to be smashed into small pieces. The bellows had to be manned and pumped for seven hours. We got through at least two kilos of charcoal and smashed about the same amount of ore. Despite the other things going on at The Telling, I stayed around the bellows almost all day.

Some time during the afternoon, I started wondering why I didn’t want to do anything else. What was it about a Iron Age bloomery that had me so fascinated?

As I pounded pellets of ore between two stones, I realised what I was doing. I was making metal.

I was turning rock into metal.  Into the metal that would be made into swords and shields, if we were in the Iron Age. But we’re not. We’re in the twenty-first century.

A man stands wearing a full suit of armour, sword drawn

Rocks!

I was making the metal that would be made into the girders which support sky scrapers. That gets turned into car chassis. Or aeroplane wings. Or the knives people use to pierce the film of their ready meals. Or the screw drivers they use to change screws.

It was the metal that makes the electric cable which powers our homes. That is painted onto circuit boards for TVs and laptops and iPods. That makes SCART sockets USB to mini-USB cables.

A fighter jet takes off from from the deck of an aircraft carrier, its jet engines flaming

God-damned flame-spewing rocks!

Everything around us. Everything we take for granted. Everything I’ve always just kind of assumed… appeared out of thin air and onto supermarket shelves, I guess. It all comes from rocks. There’s no magical well of printed circuit boards, there’s just some poor bastard hauling huge lumps of rock out the earth. Rocks that are smashed and smelted and beaten into shape.

An artist's impression of NASA's Curiosity Mars Rover, as it uses its laser to vaporize a Martian rock

Rocks sent to a new world to vaporize alien rocks!

Poor old Ug the Caveman. He gets so much stick for sitting in his cave, banging his rocks together. Oh, the technological hipster says, with their tablet computer and smartphone and wet dreams of transhumanism, you’re so primitive. You’re such a cavemen. Why don’t you just sod off back to the Iron Age and let us developed humans live in the twenty-first century?

You know, that technological hipster sounds a lot like me five years ago.  The truth–past me–is that we’re banging rocks together just as much as Ug is. The difference is that Ug knows what he’s doing, and we’re happy to believe that our high-end consumer goods simply materialize out the ether. If Ug could see us now, and if we could see the look on Ug’s face, it would be the same look he reserves for his children when they gasp in uncomprehending wonder at the sparks which materialise out of the ether as he bangs his rocks together.

(Addendum.  I know it takes more than just metal, or other minerals derived from rocks, to make nearly all our consumer products.  It also takes planets and petrochemicals.  And petrochemicals are just really old plants and animals.  That’s it, folks.  Our modern age of wonders, all just rocks, plants and animals.)

Armour picture from here.  F/A-18 jet fighter from here. Curiosity Rover from Wikipedia. Picture of Barney working the bellows taken by me!